2.1 Functions of Physical Layer Important definition (2-mark) Common mistake ASCII diagram — Physical layer in OSIApplication────────────────────Presentation────────────────────Session────────────────────Transport────────────────────Network────────────────────Data Link────────────────────Physical (bits, cables, radio) <– focus layerExplanation: This shows physical layer is the bottom layer handling bits and media parameters. 2.2 Data and Signals: Analog and Digital signals, Transmission Impairment, Data Rate Limits, Performance Memory trick 2.3 Data…
Read MoreComputer networks are the basic infrastructure that allows computers and devices to communicate, share data, and use services like the internet, email, Wi‑Fi, and online banking. The OSI and TCP/IP models are the two most important networking models for understanding how this communication works. 1.1 Network as an Infrastructure for Data Communication Introduction A computer…
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